Phencyclidine

Phencyclidine
Clinical data
Trade names	Sernyl, Sernylan (both discontinued)
Other names	CI-395; Phenylcyclohexylpiperidine; "Angel dust"
AHFS/Drugs.com	phencyclidine
Dependence; liability	Physical: Low Psychological: Moderate
Addiction; liability	Variable, reported from low to high
Drug class	NMDA receptor antagonists; General anesthetics; Dissociative hallucinogens
ATC code	None;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S8 (Controlled drug); BR: Class A3 (Psychoactive drugs); CA: Schedule I; DE: Anlage I (Authorized scientific use only); NZ: Class A; UK: Class A; US: Schedule II; UN: Psychotropic Schedule II;
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism	Oxidative hydroxylation in liver by CYP450 enzymes, glucuronidation
Metabolites	PCHP, PPC, PCAA
Onset of action	2–60 min
Elimination half-life	7–46 hours
Duration of action	6–48 hours
Excretion	Urine
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 1-(1-Phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine;
CAS Number	77-10-1 ;
PubChem CID	6468;
IUPHAR/BPS	4282;
DrugBank	DB03575 ;
ChemSpider	6224 ;
UNII	J1DOI7UV76;
KEGG	C07575 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:8058 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL275528 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6023446 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.150.427
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C17H25N
Molar mass	243.394 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Melting point	46.5 °C (115.7 °F)
Boiling point	136 °C (277 °F)
	SMILES c1ccccc1C2(CCCCC2)N3CCCCC3;
	InChI InChI=1S/C17H25N/c1-4-10-16(11-5-1)17(12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18/h1,4-5,10-11H,2-3,6-9,12-15H2 ; Key:JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
Data page
	Phencyclidine (data page)
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Phencyclidine or phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP), also known in its use as a street drug as angel dust among other names, is a dissociative anesthetic mainly used recreationally for its significant mind-altering effects.^[1]^[5] PCP may cause hallucinations, distorted perceptions of sounds, and violent behavior.^[5]^[8]^[9] As a recreational drug, it is typically smoked, but may be taken by mouth, snorted, or injected.^[5]^[7]^[8] It may also be mixed with cannabis or tobacco.^[1]^[5]

Adverse effects may include seizures, coma, addiction, and an increased risk of suicide.^[8] Flashbacks may occur despite stopping usage.^[9] Chemically, PCP is a member of the arylcyclohexylamine class, and pharmacologically, it is a dissociative anesthetic.^[5]^[10]^[11] PCP works primarily as an NMDA receptor antagonist.^[10]

PCP is most commonly used in the United States.^[12] While usage peaked in the US in the 1970s,^[13] between 2005 and 2011 an increase in visits to emergency departments as a result of the drug occurred.^[8] As of 2017 in the United States, about 1% of people in 12th grade reported using PCP in the prior year while 2.9% of those over the age of 25 reported using it at some point in their lives.^[14]

^ ^a ^b ^c "PCP Fast Facts". National Drug Intelligence Center. 2003. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
^ Stobo JD, Traill TA, Hellmann DB, Ladenson PW, Petty BG (1996). The Principles and Practice of Medicine. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 933. ISBN 9780071383653. high abuse liability
^ Cite error: The named reference NHM-PCP and ketamine was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Stobo JD, Traill TA, Hellmann DB, Ladenson PW, Petty BG (1996). The Principles and Practice of Medicine. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 933. ISBN 9780071383653. high abuse liability
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Giannini AJ (1998). "Chapter 35: Phencyclidine". In Tarter RE, Ammerman R, Ott PJ (eds.). Handbook of Substance Abuse: Neurobehavioral Pharmacology. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation. pp. 579–587. ISBN 978-1-4757-2913-9.
^ ^a ^b Riviello RJ (2010). Manual of forensic emergency medicine : a guide for clinicians. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. pp. 41–42. ISBN 9780763744625.
^ ^a ^b "NIDA InfoFacts: Hallucinogens – LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP". National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bush DM (2013). "Emergency Department Visits Involving Phencyclidine (PCP)". The CBHSQ Report. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). PMID 27656747. PCP can lead to hostile behavior that may result in episodes of extreme violence
^ ^a ^b "Hallucinogens". National Institute on Drug Abuse. January 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
^ ^a ^b Marion NE, Oliver WM (2014). Drugs in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law [3 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 732. ISBN 9781610695961.
^ Zedeck BE, Zedeck MS (2007). Forensic Pharmacology. Infobase Publishing. p. 97. ISBN 9781438103822.
^ "GINAD". www.ginad.org. Archived from the original on 2018-09-10. Retrieved 2018-02-20.
^ "PCP". CESAR. Archived from the original on 12 March 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
^ "Hallucinogens". NIAD. Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2018.

[Jus2003-1] "PCP Fast Facts". National Drug Intelligence Center. 2003. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2018.

[2] Stobo JD, Traill TA, Hellmann DB, Ladenson PW, Petty BG (1996). The Principles and Practice of Medicine. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 933. ISBN 9780071383653. high abuse liability

[NHM-PCP_and_ketamine-3] Cite error: The named reference NHM-PCP and ketamine was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[4] Stobo JD, Traill TA, Hellmann DB, Ladenson PW, Petty BG (1996). The Principles and Practice of Medicine. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 933. ISBN 9780071383653. high abuse liability

[Giannini_1998-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Giannini AJ (1998). "Chapter 35: Phencyclidine". In Tarter RE, Ammerman R, Ott PJ (eds.). Handbook of Substance Abuse: Neurobehavioral Pharmacology. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation. pp. 579–587. ISBN 978-1-4757-2913-9.

[Ri2010-6] Riviello RJ (2010). Manual of forensic emergency medicine : a guide for clinicians. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. pp. 41–42. ISBN 9780763744625.

[NIH2018Fact-7] "NIDA InfoFacts: Hallucinogens – LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP". National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved 2018-02-19.

[Bush2013-8] Bush DM (2013). "Emergency Department Visits Involving Phencyclidine (PCP)". The CBHSQ Report. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US). PMID 27656747. PCP can lead to hostile behavior that may result in episodes of extreme violence

[NIH2016Hal-9] "Hallucinogens". National Institute on Drug Abuse. January 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2018.

[Mar2014-10] Marion NE, Oliver WM (2014). Drugs in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law [3 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 732. ISBN 9781610695961.

[Zed2007-11] Zedeck BE, Zedeck MS (2007). Forensic Pharmacology. Infobase Publishing. p. 97. ISBN 9781438103822.

[12] "GINAD". www.ginad.org. Archived from the original on 2018-09-10. Retrieved 2018-02-20.

[13] "PCP". CESAR. Archived from the original on 12 March 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2018.

[14] "Hallucinogens". NIAD. Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2018.

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Phencyclidine

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