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Hipparcos

Hipparcos
Hipparcos testing at ESTEC
Hipparcos satellite in the Large Solar Simulator, ESTEC, February 1988
NamesHIPPARCOS
Mission typeAstrometric
observatory
OperatorESA
COSPAR ID1989-062B Edit this at Wikidata
SATCAT no.20169
Websitehttp://sci.esa.int/hipparcos/
Mission duration2.5 years (planned)
4 years (achieved)
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftHIPPARCOS
ManufacturerAlenia Spazio
Matra Marconi Space
Launch mass1,140 kg (2,510 lb) [1]
Dry mass635 kg (1,400 lb)
Payload mass210 kg (460 lb)
Power295 watts
Start of mission
Launch date8 August 1989, 23:25:53 UTC
RocketAriane 44LP H10 (V33)
Launch siteCentre Spatial Guyanais, Kourou, ELA-2
ContractorArianespace
Entered serviceAugust 1989
End of mission
Disposaldecommissioned
DeactivatedMarch 1999
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit[2]
RegimeGeostationary transfer orbit
Geostationary orbit (planned)
Perigee altitude500.3 km (310.9 mi)
Apogee altitude35,797.5 km (22,243.5 mi)
Inclination6.84°
Period636.9 minutes
Revolution no.17830
Main telescope
TypeSchmidt telescope
Diameter29 cm (11 in)
Focal length1.4 m (4 ft 7 in)
Wavelengthsvisible light
Transponders
BandS-Band
Bandwidth2-23 kbit/s
Hipparcos legacy mission insignia
Legacy ESA insignia for the Hipparcos mission

Hipparcos was a scientific satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA), launched in 1989 and operated until 1993. It was the first space experiment devoted to precision astrometry, the accurate measurement of the positions of celestial objects on the sky.[3] This permitted the first high-precision measurements of the intrinsic brightnesses proper motions, and parallaxes of stars, enabling better calculations of their distance and tangential velocity. When combined with radial velocity measurements from spectroscopy, astrophysicists were able to finally measure all six quantities needed to determine the motion of stars. The resulting Hipparcos Catalogue, a high-precision catalogue of more than 118,200 stars, was published in 1997. The lower-precision Tycho Catalogue of more than a million stars was published at the same time, while the enhanced Tycho-2 Catalogue of 2.5 million stars was published in 2000. Hipparcos' follow-up mission, Gaia, was launched in 2013.

The word "Hipparcos" is an acronym for HIgh Precision PARallax COllecting Satellite and also a reference to the ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus of Nicaea, who is noted for applications of trigonometry to astronomy and his discovery of the precession of the equinoxes.

  1. ^ "The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues" (PDF). ESA. June 1997. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  2. ^ "HIPPARCOS Satellite details 1989-062B NORAD 20169". N2YO. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  3. ^ Perryman, Michael (2010). Khanna, Ramon (ed.). The Making of History's Greatest Star Map. Astronomers' Universe. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Bibcode:2010mhgs.book.....P. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11602-5. ISBN 9783642116018.

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Hipparcos AF هيباركوس Arabic Hipparcos AST Hipparcos AZ Хипаркос Bulgarian Tycho katalog BS Hipparcos Catalan Hipparcos Czech Hipparcos German Hipparcos Spanish

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