Pakistan

Islamic Republic of Pakistan
  • اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاكِستان (Urdu)
  • Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān[1]
Motto: Īmān, Ittihād, Nazam
ایمان، اتحاد، نظم (Urdu)
"Faith, Unity, Discipline"[2]
Anthem: Qaumī Tarānah
قَومی ترانہ
"The National Anthem"
Land controlled by Pakistan shown in dark green; land claimed but not controlled shown in light green
Land controlled by Pakistan shown in dark green; land claimed but not controlled shown in light green
CapitalIslamabad
33°41′30″N 73°03′00″E / 33.69167°N 73.05000°E / 33.69167; 73.05000
Largest cityKarachi
24°51′36″N 67°00′36″E / 24.86000°N 67.01000°E / 24.86000; 67.01000
Official languages
Recognised regional languagesPunjabiPashtoSindhiSaraikiBalochiHindkoPothwariBrahuiKashmiri
Other languagesBaltiBurushaskiDameliDomaakiGawar-BatiKalashaKhowarIndus KohistaniKutchiMemoniShinaWakhiYidghaKhowarHazaragi
Ethnic groups
(2017[4])
Religion
(2017[4][5])
  • 1.27% Christianity
  • 0.9% Ahmadiya
  • 0.02% Others
Demonym(s)Pakistani
GovernmentFederal parliamentary constitutional republic
• President
Asif Ali Zardari
Shehbaz Sharif
Sadiq Sanjrani
Ayaz Sadiq
Qazi Faez Isa
LegislatureParliament
Senate
National Assembly
Independence 
• Dominion
14 August 1947
23 March 1956
12 January 1972
14 August 1973
Area
• Total
1,030,000 km2 (400,000 sq mi)[a][7] (29th)
• Water (%)
2.86
Population
• 2023 estimate
Neutral increase 270,800,000[8] (5th)
• 2023 census
Neutral increase 270.8 million
• Density
244.4/km2 (633.0/sq mi) (56th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $2.0 trillion[9] (19th)
• Per capita
Increase $21,000[9] (87th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $491.7 billion[9] (31st)
• Per capita
Increase $10,987[9] (98th)
Gini (2018)Positive decrease 31.6[10]
medium
HDI (2023)Increase 0.697[11]
medium · 152nd
CurrencyPakistani rupee (₨) (PKR)
Time zoneUTC+05:00 (PKT)
DST is not observed
Date format
Mains electricity230 V–50 Hz
Driving sideleft[12]
Calling code+92
ISO 3166 codePK
Internet TLD.pk

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān), is a country in South Asia. It shares its border with India, Iran, Afghanistan and China. Pakistan has the fifth largest population (243.4 million) in the world and has a total land area of 880,940 km2 (340,130 sq mi).or in simple words 881,000 km² This makes Pakistan the 34th largest country in the world by land area. It has a 1,365 km long coastline along the Arabian Sea in the south.[13] The capital of Pakistan is Islamabad, but before 1960, it was Karachi, which is now the country's largest city. While they were building Islamabad, Rawalpindi served as the temporary capital from 1959 to 1967.

Pakistan has a rich history with ancient cultures, such as the 8,500-year-old Neolithic site of Mehrgarh, the Bronze Age Indus Valley civilization, and the ancient Gandhara civilization. Over the years, various empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid, Maurya, Kushan, Gupta, Macedonians, Mongols, Tibetans, Umayyad Caliphate, Samma, Hindu Shahis, Shah Miris, Ghaznavids, Delhi Sultanate, Mughals, and the British Raj, have influenced the region. Pakistan is also associated with the origins of major world religions like Hinduism and Sikhism, as well as the Mahayana and Vajrayana branches of Buddhism, rooted in the Gandhara region.

Pakistan is a middle power nation with the world's sixth-largest standing armed forces. It is a nuclear-weapons state and is considered among the emerging and growth-leading economies, boasting a large and rapidly growing middle class. Pakistan's political history has seen periods of substantial economic and military growth, along with times of political and economic instability. The country is ethnically and linguistically diverse, with varied geography and wildlife. However, Pakistan also faces challenges like poverty, illiteracy, corruption, and terrorism.

  1. Minahan, James (2009). The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-313-34497-8.
  2. "The State Emblem". Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of Pakistan. Archived from the original on 1 July 2007. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  3. Adnan, Atif; Rakha, Allah; Nazir, Shahid; Alghafri, Rashed; Hassan, Qudsia; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Lu, Jie (1 September 2021). "Forensic features and genetic legacy of the Baloch population of Pakistan and the Hazara population across Durand line revealed by Y-chromosomal STRs". International Journal of Legal Medicine. 135 (5): 1777–1784. doi:10.1007/s00414-021-02591-2. ISSN 1437-1596.
  4. 4.0 4.1 "SALIENT FEATURES OF FINAL RESULTS CENSUS-2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  5. "A New Era of Sectarian Violence in Pakistan". International Crisis Group. 5 September 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  6. "Pakistan statistics". Geohive. Archived from the original on 6 April 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  7. "Where is Pakistan?". worldatlas.com. 24 February 2021.
  8. "Pakistan Population Growth Rate 1950-2023".
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  10. "Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  11. "Human Development Report 2020" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  12. Loureiro, Miguel (28 July 2005). "Driving—the good, the bad and the ugly". Daily Times. Pakistan. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
  13. Snead, Rodman E. (2010), "Pakistan", in Bird, Eric C. F. (ed.), Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 1059–1064, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8639-7_198, ISBN 978-1-4020-8639-7, retrieved 24 November 2023


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Pakistan

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