Cingischam

Cingischam^[1] vel Cingis Chan^[2] (Mongolice Чингис Хаан / Čingis Chaan) (probabiliter^[3] 1162–1227), natus Borjigin Temüjin, fuit dux Mongolum Tartarorumque et conditor, rector (chanus), et imperator (caganus) Imperii Mongolici, quod ipso mortuo maximum orbis terrarum imperium continuum confine factum est.

Singulare imperium coniungendis multis Asiae Septentrio-Orientalis tribubus nomadicis adquisivit. Imperio Mongolico condito seque "Cingischam" declarato, inruptiones Mongolicas iussit, quae ad extremum ei victoriam plurimi Eurasiae dedit. Hae irruptiones vel incursus Chanatus Kara-Chitan, Caucasi, Imperii Chorasmidarum, et Sinarum domuum Xia Occidentalis ac Jin comprehenderunt. Haec bella saepe magnas hominum non militarium caedes complexa sunt, praecipue in Chorasmia. Antequam obitus est, Imperium Mongolicum maiorem Mediae Asiae Sinarumque partem occupaverat.

Propiore morte Cingischam Ugadaium novum rectorem creavit et in chanatus quattor inter filios suos divisit. Xia Occidentale victa, anno 1227 mortuus est. Loco sepulcri non noto in Mongolia sepultus est. Trans partem maiorem Eurasiae Imperium Mongolicum nepotes tetendere vincendis vel civitates vassallae creandis omnes Sinas, Coream, Caucasum, Asiam Mediam, partes magnas Europae Orientalis, Russiae, Asiae Austroccidentalis. Multae harum invasionum caedes magnas populorum victorum reposuere, quamobrem Cingischam et imperium eius in historiis horum populorum famam terribilem habet.

Extra gesta martialia, viis aliis Cingischam Imperium Mongolicum auxit. Post scriptionem Uiguricam scriptio Imperii Mongolici creari iussit. Meritocratia utebatur, tolerantiam religionum in Imperio Mongolico citat, gentibus nomadicis Asiae Boreorientalis ab eo conmissis. Hodie Mongoli eum patrem patriae Mongoliae aestimant.

Quamquam scitur ob expeditionum immanitatem et a multis dux genocidalis aestimatur, Cingischam sub re publica una Viam Sericam duxisse creditur. Quae res ex Asia Boreoccidentali in Austroccidentalem Asiam Islamicam ac Europam Christianam communicationem ac commercium tulit, sic omnium regionum trium fines augens.

Filii Chingisi a Borte quattuor fuerunt Zuzi et Zagatai et Ugadai et Tolui, a quibus Tschingisidarum^[4] domus magna orta est.

↑ Simon de Sancto Quintino, Historia Tartarorum (anno circiter 1247), ed. Jean Richard (Lutetiae 1965).
↑ Iohannes Iacobus Hofmannus, Lexicon Universale (1698), lemma 'Tartari'; vel Schinguis Kan, — Iohannes Iacobus Hofmannus, Lexicon Universale (1698), lemma 'Mogolia'; Zingis-Chanus, — Ioannes Laurentius Moshemius, Historia Tartarorum ecclesiastica, p. 39 et al.
↑ Rashid al-Din ait Chingischam annos 72 habuisse; ergo natus est anno 1155. En: autem ait: <<The Yuanshi (??, History of the Yuan dynasty, not to be confused with the era name of the Han Dynasty), records his year of birth as 1165. According to Ratchnevsky, accepting a birth in 1155 would render Genghis Khan a father at the age of 30 and would imply that he personally commanded the expedition against the Tanguts at the age of 72. Also, according to the Altan Tobci, Genghis Khan's sister, Temülin, was nine years younger than he; but the Secret History relates that Temülin was an infant during the attack by the Merkits, during which Genghis Khan would have been 18, had he been born in 1155. Zhao Hong reports in his travelogue that the Mongols he questioned did not know and had never known their ages.>>
↑ C.M. Fraehn, De aliquot numis Kuficis... (in: Mémoires de l'Académie impériale des sciences de St. Petersbourg, vol. 10), p. 266.

[1] Simon de Sancto Quintino, Historia Tartarorum (anno circiter 1247), ed. Jean Richard (Lutetiae 1965).

[2] Iohannes Iacobus Hofmannus, Lexicon Universale (1698), lemma 'Tartari'; vel Schinguis Kan, — Iohannes Iacobus Hofmannus, Lexicon Universale (1698), lemma 'Mogolia'; Zingis-Chanus, — Ioannes Laurentius Moshemius, Historia Tartarorum ecclesiastica, p. 39 et al.

[birth-3] Rashid al-Din ait Chingischam annos 72 habuisse; ergo natus est anno 1155. En: autem ait: <<The Yuanshi (??, History of the Yuan dynasty, not to be confused with the era name of the Han Dynasty), records his year of birth as 1165. According to Ratchnevsky, accepting a birth in 1155 would render Genghis Khan a father at the age of 30 and would imply that he personally commanded the expedition against the Tanguts at the age of 72. Also, according to the Altan Tobci, Genghis Khan's sister, Temülin, was nine years younger than he; but the Secret History relates that Temülin was an infant during the attack by the Merkits, during which Genghis Khan would have been 18, had he been born in 1155. Zhao Hong reports in his travelogue that the Mongols he questioned did not know and had never known their ages.>>

[4] C.M. Fraehn, De aliquot numis Kuficis... (in: Mémoires de l'Académie impériale des sciences de St. Petersbourg, vol. 10), p. 266.

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