Shock collar

A shock collar or remote training collar, also known as an e-collar, Ecollar, or electronic collar, is a type of training collar that delivers shocks to the neck of a dog^[3] to change behavior. These collars incorporate a radio-controlled electronic device and are worn around the dog's neck. Many European and South American countries view shock collars as animal cruelty and have banned their use.^{[4][2][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][excessive citations]} The mechanism behind shock collars involve inflicting varying levels and duration of pain, which generates fear^{[16][17][18][19]} and serves as a deterrent for undesirable behaviors.^[20] Some models of shock collar models offer additional features such as a tone or vibrational setting that can be used as an alternative or in combination with the shock. Certain advanced collars include Internet mapping capabilities and GPS functionality to track the dog's location or notify the owner about its whereabouts.

In the late 1960s, shock collars were initially developed for training hunting dogs, but they were originally designed with only one high level of power. Many modern versions are capable of delivering varying levels of shock. In areas where shock collars are legal, they are generally accessible, although Petco took the lead as the first major U.S. retailer to cease their sale.^[21][22] Shock collars have been used in a range of applications, including behavioral modification, obedience training, and pet containment, as well as military, police and service training. Although similar systems exist for other animals, shock collars designed for domestic dogs are the most commonly used.