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Nitrogen

Nitrogen, 00N
Nitrogen
Allotropessee § Allotropes
Appearancecolorless gas, liquid or solid
Standard atomic weight Ar°(N)
[14.0064314.00728][1]
Nitrogen in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson


N

P
carbonnitrogenoxygen
Groupgroup 15 (pnictogens)
Periodperiod 2
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[He] 2s2 2p3
Electrons per shell2, 5
Physical properties
Phase at STPgas
Melting point63.15 K ​(−210.00 °C, ​−346.00 °F)
Boiling point77.355 K ​(−195.795 °C, ​−320.431 °F)
Density (at STP)1.2504 g/L[2] at 0 °C, 1013 mbar
when liquid (at b.p.)0.808 g/cm3
Triple point63.151 K, ​12.52 kPa
Critical point126.192 K, 3.3958 MPa
Heat of fusion(N2) 0.72 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization(N2) 5.56 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity(N2) 29.124 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 37 41 46 53 62 77
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−3, −2, −1, 0,[3] +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a strongly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 3.04
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1402.3 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2856 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 4578.1 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radius71±1 pm
Van der Waals radius155 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of nitrogen
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurehexagonal
Hexagonal crystal structure for nitrogen
Speed of sound353 m/s (gas, at 27 °C)
Thermal conductivity25.83×10−3 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic
CAS Number17778-88-0
7727-37-9 (N2)
History
DiscoveryDaniel Rutherford (1772)
Named byJean-Antoine Chaptal (1790)
Isotopes of nitrogen
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
13N trace 9.965 min β+ 13C
14N 99.6% stable
15N 0.4% stable
 Category: Nitrogen
| references
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Nitrogen is a nonmetal chemical element. The atmosphere contains more than 78 percent of nitrogen. It has the chemical symbol N and atomic number 7. Its stable inside typically contains 14 nucleons (7 protons and 7 neutrons). It has 5 electrons in its outer shell.

  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Nitrogen". CIAAW. 2009.
  2. "GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank". Retrieved 2017-12-29.
  3. Tetrazoles contain a pair of double-bonded nitrogen atoms with oxidation state 0 in the ring. A Synthesis of the parent 1H-tetrazole, CH2N4 (two atoms N(0)) is given in Ronald A. Henry and William G. Finnegan, "An Improved Procedure for the Deamination of 5-Aminotetrazole", _J. Am. Chem. Soc._ (1954), 76, 1, 290–291, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01630a086.

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