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Xiang River

Xiang
The Yuan (left) and Xiang (right) basins, draining north to Lake Dongting.
Chinese
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinXiāng
Wade–GilesHsiang
IPA[ɕjáŋ]
Xiang
IPASiɔ̃44-ziɔ̃31
Siɔ̃44-swɛ13
Old Chinese
Zhengzhang *Slaŋ
Xiang River
Chinese湘江
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinXiāngjiāng
Wade–GilesHsiang Chiang
IPA[ɕjáŋ.tɕjáŋ]
Xiang River
Chinese湘水
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinXiāngshǔi
Wade–GilesHsiang Shui
IPA[ɕjáŋ.ʂwèɪ]

The Xiang River is the chief river of the Lake Dongting drainage system of the middle Yangtze, the largest river in Hunan Province, China. It is the second-largest tributary (after the Min River) in terms of surface runoff, the fifth-largest tributary by drainage area of the Yangtze tributaries. The river flows generally northeast through the provinces of Guangxi and Hunan, its tributaries reaching into Jiangxi and Guangdong.

Traditionally, it was regarded that the West (left) Branch is the Main Stream of the Upper Xiang, which rises in the Haiyang Mountains between Xing'an and Lingchuan counties of Guangxi. In the 1st national water census of China in 2011, the East Branch Xiao River,[1] was identified as the Main Stem of the Upper Xiang. The Ping Island of Yongzhou is the meeting of the two streams, the West source originating from Guangxi and the East source of the Xiao River originating from Lanshan County of Hunan.[2]

With the tributaries, the Xiang has a river basin area of 94,721 square kilometres (36,572 sq mi), of which Hunan has an area of 85,383 square kilometres (32,967 sq mi).[3] In a situation of Guangxi source, the Xiang has a length of 844 kilometres (524 mi); In another situation of Xiao River as the main source stream, the Xiang has a length of 948 kilometres (589 mi).[1]


  1. ^ a b 湘江源头在湖南蓝山, 湘江干流全长948公里, 流域面积94,721平方公里 - When the source stream of the Xiang is the Xiao, beginning in Lanshan County, the main river of the Xiang has a length of 948 kilometres (589 mi) with a drainage basin area of 94,721 square kilometres (36,572 sq mi): hn.xinhuanet.com or rednet.cn (21-May-13)
  2. ^ A misinformation of millennium of years for the source of Xiangjiang River - 湘江源头,为何误传千年: voc.com.cn (22-May-13), rednet.cn (24-Mar-15), ifeng.com (22-May-13), sohu.com (15-May-16), (22-May-13)
  3. ^ The river basin area in Hunan, according to Hunan 11th Five-year Plan on Water Conservation - 湖南省“十一五”水利发展规划: fgw.hunan.gov.cn or findlaw.cn

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