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Volga Bulgaria

Volga Bulgaria
late 9th century–1240s
StatusVassals of the Khazars (late 9th century-969)[1]
CapitalBolghar
Bilär
Common languagesBulgar
Religion
Tengrism, later Sunni Islam (after Almish Iltäbär)
GovernmentMonarchy
Ruler 
• 9th century
Şilki
• 10th century
Almış, Ahmad, Mikaʾil, Abdallah, Talib, Muʾmin I, Muʾmin II, Shamgun
• 11th-13th centuries
Khaidar, Mukhammad, Saʾid, Baradz, Ibrahim, Otyak, Ghabdula Chelbir, Ilham Khan
Historical eraMiddle Ages
• Established
late 9th century
• Conversion to Islam
922
• Conquered by the Mongols
1240s
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Old Great Bulgaria
Mongol Empire
Today part ofRussia

Volga Bulgaria or Volga–Kama Bulgaria (sometimes referred to as the Volga Bulgar Emirate[2]) was a historical Bulgar[3][4][5] state that existed between the 9th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama River, in what is now European Russia. Volga Bulgaria was a multi-ethnic state with large numbers of Bulgars, Finno-Ugrians, Varangians, and East Slavs.[6] Its strategic position allowed it to create a local trade monopoly with Norse, Cumans, and Pannonian Avars.[7]

  1. ^ Di Cosmo, Nicola (2018). Warfare in Inner Asian History (500-1800). Brill. pp. 139–140. ISBN 9789004391789.
  2. ^ Mako, Gerald (2016). "Volga Bulgar Emirate". The Encyclopedia of Empire: 1–3. doi:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe009. ISBN 978-1-118-44064-3.
  3. ^ Shpakovsky, Viacheslav; Nicolle, David (2013). Armies of the Volga Bulgars & Khanate of Kazan. p. 14.
  4. ^ Champion, Timothy (2014). Nationalism and Archaeology in Europe. p. 227.
  5. ^ Koesel, Karrie J. (2014). Religion and Authoritarianism: Cooperation, Conflict, and the Consequences. p. 103.
  6. ^ Reuter, Timothy, ed. (1995). The New Cambridge medieval history. Vol. III, c. 900-1024. Cambridge [England] ; New York, NY, USA : Cambridge University Press. p. 504. ISBN 978-0-521-36291-7.
  7. ^ Popovski, Ivan (2017-05-10). A Short History of South East Europe. Lulu Press, Inc. ISBN 9781365953941. Archived from the original on 2023-01-21. Retrieved 2020-10-03.

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