Species of bacterium
Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a member of the coagulase -negative staphylococci (CoNS).[ 2] It is part of the skin flora of humans,[ 3] and its largest populations are usually found at the axillae , perineum , and inguinal areas.[ 4] S. haemolyticus also colonizes primates and domestic animals .[ 4] It is a well-known opportunistic pathogen , and is the second-most frequently isolated CoNS (S. epidermidis is the first).[ 5] Infections can be localized or systemic, and are often associated with the insertion of medical devices .[ 6] [ 7] [ 8] The highly antibiotic-resistant phenotype and ability to form biofilms make S. haemolyticus a difficult pathogen to treat.[ 5] Its most closely related species is Staphylococcus borealis .[ 9]
^ Schleifer, K. H.; Kloos, W. E. (1975). "Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococci from Human Skin I. Amended Descriptions of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Descriptions of Three New Species: Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus xylosus" . International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . 25 (1): 50–61. doi :10.1099/00207713-25-1-50 . ISSN 0020-7713 .
^ Paul De Vos; George Garrity; Dorothy Jones; Noel R. Krieg; Wolfgang Ludwig; Fred A. Rainey; Karl-Heinz Schleifer; William B. Whitman, eds. (2009). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . Vol. 3 The Firmicutes (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag . ISBN 978-0-387-95041-9 .
^ de Silva; et al. (2002). "The ica Operon and Biofilm Production in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Associated with Carriage and Disease in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit" . Journal of Clinical Microbiology . 40 (2): 382–388. doi :10.1128/jcm.40.02.382-388.2002 . PMC 153361 . PMID 11825946 .
^ a b Fischetti, A.; Novick, R. P.; Ferretti, J. J.; Portnoy, D. A.; Rood, J. I.; Lina, G.; Etienne, J.; Vandenesch, F. (2000). "Biology and pathogenicity of staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis". Gram-positive pathogens . Washington, D.C.: ASM Press. pp. 450–462. ISBN 978-1-55581-166-2 .
^ a b de Allori; et al. (2006). "Antimicrobial Resistance and Production of Biofilms in Clinical Isolates of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Strains" . Biol. Pharm. Bull . 29 (8): 1592–1596. doi :10.1248/bpb.29.1592 . PMID 16880610 .
^ Falcone; et al. (2006). "Teicoplanin use and emergence of Staphylococcus haemolyticus : is there a link?" . Clin Microbiol Infect . 12 (1): 96–97. doi :10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01307.x . PMID 16460556 .
^ Poyart; et al. (2001). "Rapid and Accurate Species-Level Identification of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci by Using the sodA Gene as a Target" . Journal of Clinical Microbiology . 39 (12): 4296–4301. doi :10.1128/JCM.39.12.4296-4301.2001 . PMC 88539 . PMID 11724835 .
^ Viale, P.; Stefani, S. (2006). "Vascular catheter-associated infections: a microbiological and therapeutic update". J Chemother . 18 (3): 235–49. doi :10.1179/joc.2006.18.3.235 . PMID 17129833 . S2CID 25108301 .
^ Pain, Maria; Wolden, Runa; Jaén-Luchoro, Daniel; Salvà-Serra, Francisco; Iglesias, Beatriz Piñeiro; Karlsson, Roger; Klingenberg, Claus; Cavanagh, Jorunn Pauline (2020-10-13). "Staphylococcus borealis sp. nov., isolated from human skin and blood" . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . 70 (12): 6067–6078. doi :10.1099/ijsem.0.004499 . hdl :10037/20308 . ISSN 1466-5026 . PMID 33048039 . S2CID 222320446 .