Spin group

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In mathematics the spin group, denoted Spin(n),^[1][2] is a Lie group whose underlying manifold is the double cover of the special orthogonal group SO(n) = SO(n, R), such that there exists a short exact sequence of Lie groups (when n ≠ 2)

${\displaystyle 1\to \mathbb {Z} _{2}\to \operatorname {Spin} (n)\to \operatorname {SO} (n)\to 1.}$

The group multiplication law on the double cover is given by lifting the multiplication on ${\displaystyle \operatorname {SO} (n)}$.

As a Lie group, Spin(n) therefore shares its dimension, n(n − 1)/2, and its Lie algebra with the special orthogonal group.

For n > 2, Spin(n) is simply connected and so coincides with the universal cover of SO(n).

The non-trivial element of the kernel is denoted −1, which should not be confused with the orthogonal transform of reflection through the origin, generally denoted −I.

Spin(n) can be constructed as a subgroup of the invertible elements in the Clifford algebra Cl(n). A distinct article discusses the spin representations.