Soyuz TM-16

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Soyuz TM-16

Operator	Rosaviakosmos
COSPAR ID	1993-005A
SATCAT no.	22319
Mission duration	179 days, 43 minutes, 45 seconds
Orbits completed	~2,790
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft	Soyuz 7K-STM No. 101
Spacecraft type	Soyuz-TM
Manufacturer	NPO Energia
Launch mass	7,150 kilograms (15,760 lb)
Crew
Crew size	2 up 3 down
Members	Gennadi Manakov Alexander Poleshchuk
Landing	Jean-Pierre Haigneré
Callsign	Вулка́н (Vulkan - Volcano)
Start of mission
Launch date	24 January 1993, 05:58:05 (1993-01-24UTC05:58:05Z) UTC
Rocket	Soyuz-U2
End of mission
Landing date	22 July 1993, 06:41:50 (1993-07-22UTC06:41:51Z) UTC
Landing site	140 kilometres (87 mi) S of Dzhezkazgan
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee altitude	393 kilometres (244 mi)
Apogee altitude	394 kilometres (245 mi)
Inclination	51.6 degrees
Docking with Mir
Docking date	26 January 1993, 07:31:17 UTC
Undocking date	22 July 1993, 3:00:30 UTC
Soyuz programme (Crewed missions) ← Soyuz TM-15 Soyuz TM-17 →

Soyuz TM-16 was the sixteenth expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir.^[1]

The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi- meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations. It added to the Soyuz-T new docking and rendezvous, radio communications, emergency and integrated parachute/landing engine systems. The new Kurs rendezvous and docking system permitted the Soyuz-TM to maneuver independently of the station, without the station making "mirror image" maneuvers to match unwanted translations introduced by earlier models' aft-mounted attitude control.