Savant syndrome | |
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Other names | Autistic savant, savant syndrome (historical)[1] |
Kim Peek, the savant who was the inspiration for the main character in the movie Rain Man | |
Specialty | Psychiatry, neurology |
Symptoms | General mental disability with certain abilities far in excess of average[1][2] |
Types | Congenital, acquired[3] |
Causes | Neurodevelopmental disorder such as autism spectrum disorder, brain injury[1] |
Frequency | ~1 in a million people[4] |
Savant syndrome (/ˈsævənt, sæˈvɑːnt/ SAV-ənt, sə-VAHNT, US also /səˈvɑːnt/ sav-AHNT) is a phenomenon where someone demonstrates exceptional aptitude in one domain, such as art or mathematics, despite significant social or intellectual impairment.[1]
Those with the condition generally have a neurodevelopmental condition, such as autism, or have experienced a brain injury.[1] About half of cases are associated with autism, and these individuals may be known as autistic savants [fr].[1] The other half often have some form of central nervous system injury or disease.[1] While the condition usually becomes apparent in childhood, some cases develop later in life.[1] It is not recognized as a mental disorder within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), as it relates to parts of the brain healing or restructuring.[5]
Savant syndrome is estimated to affect around one in a million people.[4] The condition affects more males than females, at a ratio of 6:1.[1] The first medical account of the condition was in 1783.[1] It is estimated that between 0.5% and 10% of those with autism have some form of savant abilities.[1][6][7] It is estimated that there are currently living fewer than a hundred prodigious savants, with skills so extraordinary that they would be considered spectacular even for a non-impaired person.[1]