Ratna Pariksha is an ancient science on testing gemstones.[1][2] It was used by the Kosadhyaksha (Superintendent of Treasury) and mentioned in Kautilya's Arthashastra in order to control the trade of pearl, diamonds and all the other important gems in antiquity.[3] It classifies gemstones into Maha-Ratna and Upa-ratna (lit. Great Gems and Second Class Gems).[4]