Health in Indonesia

Health in Indonesia is affected by a number of factors. Indonesia has over 26,000 health care facilities; 2,000 hospitals, 9,000 community health centres and private clinics, 1,100 dentist clinics and 1,000 opticians.^[1] The country lacks doctors with only 0.4 doctors per 1,000 population.^[1] In 2018, Indonesia's healthcare spending was US$38.3 billion, 4.18% of their GDP, and is expected to rise to US$51 billion in 2020.^[2]

In 2014, Indonesia introduced its universal healthcare program, the Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), which is provided by BPJS Kesehatan (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan, Health Social Security Agency).^[3] It is currently covering over 200 million people. Around 20 million people in Indonesia is covered by private health insurance.^[1]

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative^[4] finds that Indonesia is fulfilling 84.1% of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income.^[5] When looking at the right to health with respect to children, Indonesia achieves 93.5% of what is expected based on its current income.^[6] In regards to the right to health amongst the adult population, the country achieves only 87.1% of what is expected based on the nation's level of income. ^[7] Indonesia falls into the "very bad" category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling only 71.9% of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources (income) it has available.^[8]