Our website is made possible by displaying online advertisements to our visitors.
Please consider supporting us by disabling your ad blocker.

Responsive image


Four species

Four species
The four species. From left to right: aravah, lulav, hadass, etrog
Halakhic texts relating to this article
Torah:Leviticus 23:40
Babylonian Talmud:Sukkah Chapter 3
Mishneh Torah:Laws of Shofar, Sukkah, and Lulav 7:1–8:11
Shulchan Aruch:Orach Chaim 645–658

The four species (Hebrew: ארבעת המינים arba'at ha-minim, also called arba'a minim) are four plants—the etrog, lulav, hadass, and aravahmentioned in the Torah (Leviticus 23:40) as being relevant to the Jewish holiday of Sukkot.[1] Observant Jews tie together three types of branches and one type of fruit and wave them in a special ceremony each day of the Sukkot holiday, excluding Shabbat. According to Rabbinic Judaism, the waving of the four plants is a mitzvah prescribed by the Torah, and it contains symbolic allusions to a Jew's service of God.

  1. ^ Arye Forta Judaism - Page 55 - 1995 "The four species are all plants that need an abundance of water, and at the end of Sukkot, prayers for rain will be said."

Previous Page Next Page