Dutch political party
Forum for Democracy (Dutch : Forum voor Democratie [ˈfoːrʏɱ voːr ˌdeːmoːkraːˈ(t)si] ; FvD ) is a far-right [ 10] [ 11] [ 19] political party in the Netherlands, founded as a think tank by Thierry Baudet and Henk Otten in 2016. The party first participated in elections in the 2017 general election , winning two seats in the House of Representatives .
At the time of its conception, the FvD was considered a conservative liberal and a Eurosceptic movement positioned on the right-wing of the political spectrum;[ 20] [ 21] [ 22] [ 23] [ 24] however, after several founding members split from the party, it has been described as adopting more radical policies and messages.[ 25] [ 26] [ 27]
^ "Partij Forum voor Democratie" . FvD (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021 .
^ Annual financial report 2017 Archived 29 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved 10 March 2021 (in Dutch).
^ Aalberts, C (2020) De partij dat ben ik . Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Jurgen Maas.
^ "Ledentallen Nederlandse politieke partijen per 1 januari 2024" [Membership of Dutch political parties as of 1 January 2024]. University of Groningen (in Dutch). Documentation Centre Dutch Political Parties. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 28 February 2024 .
^ Staab, Steffen (2018). Social Informatics . Springer. p. 102.
^ "De nieuwe politieke kaart van Nederland: versnippering in beeld" . nos.nl (in Dutch). 23 March 2019. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2019 .
^ Korteweg, Ariejan (22 March 2019). "Weghonen van populistisch rechts is geen optie meer" . de Volkskrant (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2019 .
^ "The Dutch defeat 'the wrong kind of populism' " . Heinrich Böll Foundation . 22 March 2017. Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 23 March 2019 .
^ [ 6] [ 7] [ 8]
^ a b Botje, Harm Ede; Cohen, Mischa (19 November 2021). "Forum voor Democratie heeft zijn masker afgezet de juisten zijn nu over" . parool.nl . Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022 .
^ a b "Politicoloog ziet Forum voor Democratie steeds verder radicaliseren" . 22 November 2021. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022 .
^ a b Fallon, Katy (25 March 2019). "Forum voor Democratie: Why has the Dutch far right surged?" . Al Jazeera . Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2019 .
^ a b Boztas, Senay (23 March 2019). "Surprise electoral win leaves far-Right populists scrambling to fill seats" . The Telegraph . Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2019 .
^ a b Schaart, Eline (20 March 2019). "Far-right populists score stunning win in Dutch provincial vote" . Politico . Archived from the original on 30 August 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2019 .
^ a b Tierolf, Bas; Drost, Lisanne; van Kapel, Maaike (December 2018). Zevende rapportage racisme, antisemitisme en extreemrechts geweld in Nederland (PDF) (Report) (in Dutch). Verwey-Jonker Instituut. p. 35. ISBN 978-90-5830-912-9 . Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 August 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2019 .
^ a b "Dutch far-right politician supports Trump's action against "left wing extremism" " . NL Times .
^ [ 12] [ 13] [ 14] [ 15] [ 16]
^ [ 10] [ 11] [ 17]
^ [ 12] [ 13] [ 14] [ 15] [ 16]
^ de Boissieu, Laurent. "Forum voor Democratie (FVD)" . Europe Politique (in French). Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019 .
^ "Dutch election: How do you choose between 28 parties?" . Sky News . Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2018 .
^ "Splintering of Dutch politics makes election hard to predict" . Financial Times . Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2019 .
^ Misérus, Mark (27 May 2017). "Hoe rechts is Forum voor Democratie?" . de Volkskrant (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2019 .
^ "Netherlands: The Rise and Fall of Forum for Democracy" . 6 December 2020. Archived from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022 .
^ "The Dutch Far Right is Booming. Here is Why and How it Should be Stopped" . Yale International Relations Association . April 2020. Archived from the original on 28 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022 .
^ "Politicoloog ziet Forum voor Democratie steeds verder radicaliseren" . NU.nl (in Dutch). 22 November 2021. Archived from the original on 27 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022 .
^ "JA21 bestaat bij de gratie van een mislukt PVV-kabinet" . 30 December 2023. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023 .