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Investiture of Greek sovereigns | |
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Type | Oath of office |
Started by | Kingdom of Greece |
The investiture of Greek sovereigns (Η ορκωμοσία του βασιλιά: the investiture of the king) refers to the various civil and religious ceremonies organized throughout the history of modern Greece at the accession of a new sovereign to the throne.
Following Greece's independence (1821–1829) and the establishment of a monarchy (1822–1832), a coronation ceremony based on Byzantine tradition was contemplated for the newly crowned sovereign, and regalia were crafted for the planned event, which was scheduled to take place upon the king's coming of age (1835). However, as Otto I was not prepared to renounce Catholicism and embrace Orthodoxy, the Church of Greece declined to crown him, and a more modest enthronement ceremony was subsequently arranged.
In 1844, the Greek constitutions introduced a more detailed structure for the investiture of the sovereign. A double oath-taking ceremony was required to be conducted in the presence of the country's religious and political authorities. However, the political upheavals that plagued the Kingdom of Greece from its founding (1830) to its final dissolution (1974) complicated the organization of most royal investitures. For example, those of Otto I (1835) and George I (1863) took place after difficult royal elections, while Constantine I's (1913) occurred during a war and after a Regicide: Alexander I's (1917) occurred during World War I, resulting from an Entente coup; George II's (1922) followed a military disaster and a revolution; Paul I's (1947) took place during a civil war; and finally, Constantine II's (1964) occurred amid international tensions caused by the Cyprus crisis.