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Apidima Cave
| Apidima Cave | |
|---|---|
  Location of Apidima Cave in Greece  Apidima Cave (Peloponnese) | |
| Location | On western Mani Peninsula, west of Areopoli, southern Greece |
| Coordinates | 36°39′41″N 22°21′48″E / 36.66139°N 22.36333°E[1] |
| Geology | Karstic cave in limestone cliffside |
| Entrances | 5 |
| List of entrances | A, B, C, D, E |
| Access | Only by boat |
| Website | fhw |
Apidima Cave (Greek: Σπήλαιο Απήδημα, Spilaio Apidima) is a complex of five caves[2][3][4] located on the western shore of Mani Peninsula in southern Greece. A systematic investigation of the cave has yielded Neanderthal and Homo sapiens fossils from the Palaeolithic era.[5][6]
One skull fossil, given the name Apidima 1,[4] shows a mixture of modern human and primitive features[7] and has been dated to be more than 210,000 years old, older than a Neanderthal skull ("Apidima 2") found at the cave,[7] which per some interpretations makes Apidima 1 the oldest proof of Homo sapiens living outside Africa,[8][9] the second oldest being the maxilla from Misliya Cave in Mount Carmel, Israel, with a maximum age of about 190,000 years ago.[10] Apidima 1 is more than 150,000 years older than previous H. sapiens finds in Europe.[7]
- ^ Apidima Cave - location.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
:3was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Harvati, Katerina (2022), Vlachos, Evangelos (ed.), "The Hominin Fossil Record from Greece", Fossil Vertebrates of Greece Vol. 1, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 669–688, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68398-6_19, ISBN 978-3-030-68397-9, S2CID 245038672, retrieved 28 September 2022
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Harvati-Delson 1999was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Delson, Eric (10 July 2019). "An early dispersal of modern humans from Africa to Greece – Analysis of two fossils from a Greek cave has shed light on early hominins in Eurasia. One fossil is the earliest known specimen of Homo sapiens found outside Africa; the other is a Neanderthal who lived 40,000 years later". Nature. 571 (7766): 487–488. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02075-9. PMID 31337897.
- ^ Apidima Cave. Accessed on 10 July 2019.
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
Nature Harvati2019was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Earliest modern human found outside Africa. BBC News. 10 July 2019.
- ^ Sample, Ian (10 July 2019). "Piece of skull found in Greece 'is oldest human fossil outside Africa' – Remains discovered on Mani peninsula could rewrite history of Homo sapiens in Eurasia". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ Herschkovitz, Israel; et al. (26 January 2018). "The earliest modern humans outside Africa". Science. 359 (6374): 456–459. Bibcode:2018Sci...359..456H. doi:10.1126/science.aap8369. hdl:10072/372670. PMID 29371468.
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